Leucanthemum (garden daisy) belongs to the Astrov family, before that it was referred to as Chrysanthemums. According to various sources, the genus includes 2-7 dozen varieties. In the natural environment it lives in temperate regions of Asia and Europe.
Description and features
The flower does not have a grayish pubescence, like chrysanthemums. Deprived of their characteristic smell. Distinctive features of a nyvyanik:
- height up to 0.6 m;
- superficial rhizome;
- erect trunk with faces;
- basal and stem leaves on elongated petioles;
- lobed or serrated plates;
- inflorescences in the form of a hemisphere, combined into shields;
- lemon tubular buds are collected in baskets in the center;
- flowers developed, false reed, snow-white along the edge.
Leucanthemum blooms 2 times a year: in May and in August. In September, with the onset of frost, the buds fade.
Leucanthemum is a herbaceous plant. All its varieties have one-sided seed boxes. In large-flowered specimens, they ripen with a sufficient amount of sun. In the shade or partial shade, the seed does not begin to form; shoots are deformed.
Small-flowered species are less susceptible to lack of bright light. For intensive growth, loose, neutral or alkaline soil is required: sandy loam or loam.
Differences of a nyvyanik from a wild camomile:
- large buds;
- solid plates in many varieties;
- long, straight trunk without branching;
- on 1 shoot the only flower.
Despite the fact that the nivyanik is popularly called a garden daisy, plants are only distant relatives.
Types of Leucanthemum
Only some plant varieties are cultivated:
View | Description | Leaves / Flowers | Varieties | Features of their flowers, the period of formation of buds |
Ordinary | Perennial up to 1 m in height. Resistant to drought, shade tolerant. | Glossy, with teeth along the perimeter. Simple, with a tubular, yellowish core, snow-white petals in the form of reeds. | Maxim Koenig. | Diameter 8-12 cm. May-July. |
May Queen. | Half Terry. The end of spring-beginning of August. | |||
Sanssouci | Large, terry, lemon in the center. The second decade of summer. | |||
Largest | It grows to 1 m. A distinctive feature is late flowering. | Basal, dark green, small town. Large, simple, terry. | Alaska. | 10 cm From early July to late autumn. |
Snow lady. | With a magnificent middle, wide petals. From 2 months of summer until the first frosts. | |||
Little Princess. | Simple. From the end of June to October. | |||
Crazy Daisy. | Looks like a chrysanthemum. July-end of September. | |||
Broadway Lights. | Simple, soft amber. From 2 decades of summer to mid-autumn. | |||
Mayfield. | Grow in 2 rows, snow-white, reed. July-September. | |||
Silver Princess. | Simple. From the end of June to October. | |||
Wirral Suprim. | Half Terry. From the beginning of July to frost. | |||
Snow White. | Dense, collected in baskets. From mid-summer until the end of the season. | |||
Great | With strong stems, up to 1 m high. | At the base are assembled into sockets. Long, up to 30 cm. Terry, from yellowish green to creamy pink color. | Fiona Goghill. | Petals are light beige. The core is magnificent, canary coloring. June July. |
Spring giant. | Large, simple, snow-white. Midsummer-October. | |||
Grand Illusion. | Collected in baskets. June July. |
When to sow garden daisy in open ground
If you sow from late March to early May, then the sprouts will sprout after only half a month. By the end of summer, the bushes will grow stronger and bloom next season. If you sow a nyvnyak in late autumn, then seedlings can be observed in the spring, buds will begin to form in the summer.
Sowing step by step:
- Place the seeds in a 2 cm substrate.
- Between the rows 0.2-0.3 m.
- Watering, making sure that fluid stagnation does not occur.
- After the emergence of seedlings, they carefully break through so that 9-15 cm remain between the seedlings.
- If it is a pity to throw out torn bushes, they are transplanted. Even small shoots take root well in moist soil mixtures.
- The grown seedlings are planted on 0.4-0.5 m.
With proper care, the leucanthemum grows rapidly.
How to grow seedlings of nivyanik at home, when to plant
If you do not plant the navyavnik immediately on the garden plot, and first grow seedlings, the appearance of buds can be observed already in the first year. Cultivation begins in late winter and early spring:
- Containers fill with light, nutritious soil. Seeds are deepened by a centimeter, watered, covered with polyethylene or glass to create a greenhouse effect.
- Seedlings contain at +22 ° C, provide diffused light for them. Shelter is removed daily for ventilation and watering.
- After 2-3 weeks, when shoots appear, the glass or polyethylene is removed. Lighting is left the same. The temperature is lowered to + 17 ... +20 ° C.
- After the appearance of 3 true leaves, the sprouts are planted in separate pots with a mixture of sand, peat, deciduous humus in equal quantities.
- Watered, kept in bright light.
- Since May, the grown bushes harden: they take them out for 2-3 hours. At first, the pots are put in a shaded place, they protect from strong winds and drafts. When the shoots get used to, they are left in the sun. Due to hardening, the nyvnik is less likely to get sick.
Transplanted into the open ground at the end of spring, if at night the earth does not freeze.
How to plant a nyvyanik
After a few years, the plant forms dense thickets. In May or September, it is necessary to divide the bush and plant it:
- Dig out carefully so as not to destroy the earthen lump.
- Divide into equal shares.
- Plant in pits corresponding to the size of the rhizome.
Propagation by cuttings
This method can be carried out from early June to late August:
- Cut the basal region with a small fraction of the rhizome. Leave the aerial part untouched.
- Drop off at a permanent place.
- Water abundantly.
Outdoor garden chamomile care
The first 2-3 years, the bushes will be small.
When creating comfortable conditions and proper care, the nyvyanik grows rapidly: in just a few months it will reach 80 cm in circumference, 1 m in height.
Choosing a landing place
Need to plant in a well-lit place. Minor shading is acceptable. With a lack of light, the shoots will grow strongly up, the nyvyanik will lose its decorative appearance.
Priming
Take light, loose, fertile soil. The bush grows well on chernozem, loam of neutral or weak acidity. At a high pH level, the leucanthemum will die; on a clay and sandy substrate, flower development will be slow.
How to water
Moisturize regularly when the topsoil dries. In this case, you must ensure that there is no fluid stagnation. During severe drought, add 10 l of water under the root. To preserve moisture, mulch the bush with sawdust, chips, spruce spruce branches.
Top dressing
Feed every 2 weeks. The alternation of mineral mixtures with organics will be beneficial. If you skip the fertilizer, nothing bad will happen, the leucanthemum grows well on the garden substrate.
How to prolong flowering
The formation of seeds takes away the strength of the plant. If there is no need to collect inflorescence seed, it is better to cut off immediately after withering. It also promotes re-flowering.
Winter preparations
After the petals fall, you need to prepare the nyvyanik for rest. Cut the stems, leaving 0.1 m with basal leaves.
A distinctive feature of the plant is winter hardiness, but in frosts below -20 ° C you need to cover the bush with needles, fallen leaves, mulch with peat. Remove shelter in early spring.
Disease and pest control
If mistakes are made in the care, the nyvyanik can become ill. Common lesions, their signs, therapeutic and preventive measures:
Diseases | Leaf manifestation | Prevention and Remedy |
Mosaic is a viral infection. |
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Soft bacterial rot (infection occurs through soil or affected plants). |
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Ramulariosis |
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Septoria |
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Root rot. |
| Before planting, place in Trichodermin or Alirin-B solution. |
Pests | ||
Chrysanthemum leaf miners (larvae of flies and moths). |
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Thrips. |
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Pennies. |
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Aphid. |
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Garden camomile in landscaping
Breeders have produced hybrids that have not only snow-white color of petals, but also bright lemon, greenish-canary, orange. Combining these varieties, you can create interesting design solutions.
For alpine hills and rockeries, undersized species are well suited. For example, Little Princess, Snow Lady. They can be combined with daisies and marigolds. Well-groomed and beautiful bushes of the leucanthemum can ennoble any site.